Pneumatic power-hammer.



R. E'. BATES. PNEUMATl-cPowER HAMMER. APiLlcATloN'FlLED Novga. 1 915. 15206, 1 93, Patented Nov. 28, 1916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2L R. E. BATES. PNEUMATIC POWER HAMMER; APPLICATION FILED NOV. 3,1915.

RALPH E. BATES, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

PNEUMATIC PWERl-HAMMER.

j Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. as, 191e.

Application led November 3, 1915. Serial No. 59,357.

To allvwhom t may concern: r

l Beit known that I, RALPH E. BATES, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Pneumatic .Power-Hammers, vof which the following is a specification. l

, The principal object of this invention is the provision of power hammers which shall be more elicient and convenient in use than those hitherto constructed, to use the least number of parts for sake of economy and shall be readily controlled in action and to enable such hammers to be; readily arranged according yto the,` purposes for which they may be designed, vso-that the hammer-head or ram and its dies lsed therewith may be easily employed in 'one or more or all of the ways followingthat is to say: rst, to make strokes of any desired length; second' to strike blows of any desirable force; third, to be held away for any desirable period from the anvil; fourth, to hold objects securely upon the anvil. I attain these 'objects by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a vertical section of the entire machine; Fig. 2a partial top View; Fig. 3 a horizontal section taken at en -m, Fig. l; Fig. 4 a side view of the ain controlling valve; Fig. 5 a sectional view taken at y-y, Fig. 6; Figs. 6, 7 and 8 a section of the valve and ports taken at enz, Fig. 3; Figs.v

9, 10 and 11 a section of` the taken at a-, Fig. 3.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

valve and ports As shown in the drawings the hammer',`

construction consists of two main members one of which constitutes a housing 1,'h'aving the other 2, mounted thereon and secured by bolts 3. Forming a part'of member 2 is a cylinder 4 in'closing a reciprocating hammer member or ram which consists of the piston 5 from which projects piston rods 6 and 7, the lower end of 7 having secured thereto the tup or hammer-head 8 carrying the dies Q and the upper piston rod 6 having four flat sides fitting closely through the cylinder-head 49 to prevent rotation of the piston. j

10 is the anvil having the cap 11 which `*supports the die 12 upon which the material t'o be worked upon is placed. i

Within thel housing 1 is a power cylinder j partition 26. Alsystem of communicating ports connects'the cylinders and compartments through the valve 27. 28 is a pipe connecting chamber 24 with the outer air. The valve 27 is centrally located between the two cylinders 4 and 13 and passes entirely through the frame 2 being retained in position by plate 29 fastened to the frame at the rear and plate 30 fastened to the front of the `frame. The valve 27 has an operating stem 31 rigidly secured thereto projecting through plate 30 and to which is secured handle lever 32. The valve-has three major positions, all intermediate positions giving a gradual change from one to the other of the three. vFigs. 6 and 9 show the valve in Vthe proper posit-ion to allow the pressing of the hammer-head or ram upon the Work.,t

Figs. 7 and 10 show the valve position for elevating the ram away from the work and Figs. 8 and 11 show the valve in position for allowing of the delivery of the full force of blow. Figs. 6, 7, and 8 are sections taken at e-z Fig. 3 and Figs. 9, 10 and 11 are taken at a-a' Fig. 3.

The valve 27 is in the form of a cylinder having two recesses 33 and 34, a chamber 35 from which two sets of holes 36 and 37 communicate with the outside. vWithin thischamber are two non-return valves 38 with air holes 38. Located between recesses 33 'and 34 is a hole 39 passing entirely through nects the valve with the upper end of the ram cylinder 4. Ports 41 and 44 have -recesses 46 and 47 capable of being connected by hole 39 in the valve at the proper time.

Y 48 is a by-pass forming a communication between port 45 and holes 37 in thevalve. lt

will be noted that the ram piston closes or covers the port 45 when at its upper position. A small port 49I connects the space over the ram piston through the cylinderhead 49, with the port 45 and contains a non-return valve in such a position as to Vallow air to pass to the cylinder but not in der at a position where the)1 will be uncovered when the piston is at its lowest position thus connecting the space above the piston with the housing interior. The operation of the hammer for the different functions hereinbefore named is as follows z-Full force of blow: The valve 27 is placedin the position show n in Figs: l, 3, 8 and 11. As the power piston 14 rises above the piston and thus compresses the and 41.

air which then .expands causingrthe ram to rever-se its movement and descend. By this time the power piston has reversed its movement and as the previously compressed air which forced the ram up has escaped through the holes 51 and through the piston into the housing 'atmospheric equilibrium has been established and the ram is assisted in its descent by the suction of the descending power piston. I/Vhen the pistons are at their lower positions the holes 52 allow air from the housing interior to flow into the cylinder above the piston to fill the-vacuum and again restore atmospheric equilibrium. sthe above mentioned actions are taking place the air from above the ram piston has passed back andl forth through ports 45,

34,744, chamber 24 and pipe 28.

EZeeatz'n-g mwa-The valve 27 is placed in the position shown in Figs. 7 and 10. The power piston will now force air through port 42, non-return valve 38 and ports 86 As the air cannot return but is trapped in the ram cylinder 'the ram and its piston will remain at their highest position, The air over the ram in this case having passed through ports 45, 84, 40, 44 and thence-to chamber 24, to thepipe 28 and to the open air. After the ram piston has closed the port 45 it will slowly ascend to its highest position as there is a small allowance of space around the tted parts'where the trapped air can escape. The chamber 25 receives any surplus of air through port y 43 after the ram has ascended, as the power piston is in continuous operation.

Vsing'or pressing the rtl/m, downwardly upon the worde- The valve is placed in the position shown in Figs. 5, 6 and 9. The

power piston will now force air through port 42, non-,return valve 38, port 37, bypass 48 and port 45 to the ram cylinder above the ram either through port 49 or 45, according to the position of the ram at this time. As the air cannot return but is trapped in the ram cylinder the ram piston will descend and remain so. The air under the ram in this case having passed through port-41, by-pass 46, hole in valve 39, bypass 47, port 44, to chamber 24 and to the outer air through pipe 2S.. The chamber 25 acts as in the case of elevating the ram.

Referring to Fig. 1 it will be noted that the crankshaft 17 is supported in bearings 18 and 19. and it; is evident that there should be no longitudinal movement.. There are various means for accomplishing this such as filling in the space between the bearings by extending the hubs ofthe pulleys 20 and 214 or having collars or flanges formed on the shaft but the method I have devised and illustrate is more desirable from both an economical and practical standpoint and consists of cutting a recess in the outboardv endl of the shaft to lit the bea-ring located there while the remaining length of shaft is of one diameter: rl"his construction hasV a two-fold purpose, z'. e., a relatively cheaper construction and a proper sizing of bearings, placing a larger bearing at the crank end where a greater strain is borne by the shaft than at the outer end.

I claim:

1.v In a pneumatic power hammer, in coman upper portion and a lower portion, a pump cylinder within said lower portion, a hammer cylinder within said upper portion, the lower portion constituting a closure for the hammer cylinder and the upper portion constituting a closure for the pump cylinder, substantially as described.

A2. In a pneumatic power hammer havingv a pump cylinder and a hammer cylinder and its piston, the combination with the ham-v mer cylinder of a port opening into its upper end Iand adapted to be closed by the bination, the frame or housing comprising piston and a non-return valve located in the upper end of the hammer cylinder opening inwardly, lsubstantially as described.

3. In apneumatic power hammer the combination of a pump cylinder anda hammercylinder with ports to connect the two ends of the hammer cylinder with one end only of the pump cylinder, means for diverting theflow of air to either of said hammer cylinder ends, substantially as described.

4. In a pneumaticpower hammer the combination of a pump cylinder; a hammer cylinder; an air chamber; an air diverting device; anon-return valve incorporated in;

said device; avport connecting ysaid device "to the proper position air-'passes from the pumpcylinder to lthe upperend ofthe hammer cylinder through the 'non'return valve,Y

from the lower end off the hammer cylin-v der to the outer atmospherey and to and from the pump ylinderjand ai'r chamber, substantially as described'- 'a pump cylinder andahammer cylinder having closures at each end, the' combination Y with the hammer cylinder of a' piston-rod extending throughboth of said closures and having `a pistonfformation intermediate its' said pistonfand-its rod.`

length and means` for preventing rotation of frame or housing having an upper' anda- 'lower portion; a pump cylinder contained lwithin said lower portion and -a vhammer-'- cylinder formed in the said upper portion, f said upper portion constituting a cover lfor` said pump cylinder and ports connecting both cylinders, substantially as described. f

7 .y n a pneumaticvpower hammer having a pump cylinderand a hammer cylinderthel combination with the'cylinders of the .ham-

mer piston; an intermediate diverting de-4 v\vice; portsconnecting each cylinder vwith said device and a port connecting the device with the hammer cylinder at its upper endA 40 at a position where its outlet 'intothe cylinder will beclosed by said piston, substan.

tially as described.

8. In a pneumatic power hammer the combination of a pump cylinder; a hammery cylinder; an air diverting device;` a port connecting said diverting device with thel said4 pumpcylinder; a port connecting the' diverting device with the upper end of the hammer cylinder; a, port connecting the, v diverting device with the lower end ofthehammer cylinder whereby air passes freely with the Vpump cylinder; a port connecting l 5 said device withthe upper end of thel ham-1M mer cylinder;. a port connecting said device with thelower end'of the hammer cylinder,`v a port connectingsaid device with said air chamber whereby when thedevice isbrought f to and fromthe'pump cylinder and lower vice isppro v rlypositioned for'the purpose, substantial yas described.

cylinder; anair chamber; an air diverting -device,` a non-return valve incorporated in said device; a.. port connecting said divert- V ing device with the pump cylinder; a port connecting said diverting device with the 5. In a pneumatic power hammer having upper end of lthe-'hammer cylinder; a port connecting the diverting device "with the lower r end of the hammer cylinder; a port 9; Inga pneumatic power hammer the coml bination of a ,pump cylinder; a hammer connecting the said air chamber /with lthe divertingv device whereby when said .device is. brought tothe yproper position air passes from .the pump cylinder. to' the lower end of t the hammer cylinder through thel non-return-valve,A from the upper end of the hammer cylinder to the outer atmosphere and tov and fromy thepuinp cylinder. and said air chamber,I substantially vas described.. 'I

"10.-n'apneumatic power hammer having fa pumpcylinder, a hammer cylinder, ports, an air diverting'means and. anon-return 'valve incorporated thereinl the' combination with the-housing of twojbhambers one of said `chambers communicating Awith the said pump'fcylinder when said diverting means Aisin'- the properl position todirect flow of air `to'fzeither the upper or lower end of said chambers having communication through Y said-diverting'means with the hammer cylinlder toits upper` or lower end opposite to the l end synchronically receiving air, substan hammerg'cylinder and the Iother of -said air 

